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There are solar panel mounting systems specifically created PV mounting systems for flat roofs that address the challenges of mounting solar panels on low-slope or horizontal rooftops. The roof-integrated systems utilize ballast (concrete blocks / steel plates) or mechanical anchors to hold the panels in place without penetrating the roof membrane. Ballast systems are equipped with modular frames that optimize weight distribution to minimize wind uplift (tested to 90 km/h wind loads). Anchor-based systems use brackets that support permanent installations either with adhesive or screws. Cables are protected by route management systems, while adjustable tilt brackets alter the angle of the panel to improve performance. Materials such as aluminum or galvanized steel help protect the roof from ultraviolet rays and moisture. These systems, however, have to work within the constraints of zoning bylaws, building fire codes, and warranties on the roof, making them ideal for commercial, industrial, and residential buildings with flat roofs.
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